Comprehensive microbial and clinical profiling of functional constipation: A stratified comparative study of age and constipation subtype

Figure 2 Comparison of gut microbiota profiles among different age groups. A: Comparison of α-diversity among different age groups, including Chao1, richness, Shannon, and Simpson indices; B: Β-diversity analysis of gut microbiota composition; C: Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identifying taxa with significantly different relative abundances among groups. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. Y: Young; M: Middle-aged; O: Older; PCo: Principal co-ordinates; LDA: Linear discriminant analysis.