Comprehensive microbial and clinical profiling of functional constipation: A stratified comparative study of age and constipation subtype

Figure 1 Comparison of gut microbiota profiles between functional constipation and healthy control groups. A: Comparison of α-diversity indices between the two groups, including Chao1, richness, Shannon, and Simpson indices; B: Β-diversity analysis of gut microbiota composition between the two groups; C: Volcano plot of differential gut microbiota at the order level between the two groups; D: Volcano plot of differential gut microbiota at the family level between the two groups; E: Volcano plot of differential gut microbiota at the genus level between the two groups. ^aP < 0.05. ^cP < 0.001. FC: Functional constipation; HC: Healthy control; PCo: Principal co-ordinates; FDR: False discovery rate; DE: Differentially enriched.