Growth differentiation factor 11 modulates metabolism, mitigating the pro-tumoral behavior provided by M2-like macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells

Figure 7 Conditioned media from growth differentiation factor 11-treated macrophages mitigate migration capacity and proliferation in Huh7 cells. A: Cell migration assay determined by a wound healing assay, representative images of at least three independent experiments. Scale bars: 300 μm (100 ×, original magnification); B: Percentage of migration determined by Image J software; C: Cell migration assay determined by a wound healing assay, representative images of at least three independent experiments. Scale bars: 300 μm (100 ×, original magnification); D: Percentage of migration determined by Image J software; E: Cell proliferation; F: Cell viability at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours under different treatments; G: Cell migration assay determined by a wound healing assay using anti-GDF11. Scale bars: 300 μm (100 ×, original magnification); H: Percentage of migration determined by Image J software. Each column or point represents the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments carried out in triplicate. ^aP ≤ 0.05 vs M2-like conditioned media or post M2-like conditioned media; ^bP ≤ 0.05 vs post M2-like conditioned media; ^cP ≤ 0.05 vs not treated cells. Each column or point represents the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments carried out in triplicate. Anti-growth differentiation factor 11 was used to inhibit the remnants of the recombinant growth differentiation factor 11. NT: Not treated cells; CM: Conditioned media; GDF11: Growth differentiation factor 11.