Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level is associated with the risk of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i40.110932

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastroenterol. Oct 28, 2025; 31(40): 110932
Published online Oct 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i40.110932

Table 1 Baseline characteristics grouped by gamma-glutamyl transferase level, mean ± SD/n (%)/median (interquartile range)

	Serum GGT level				P value
	Q1 (n = 678027)	Q2 (n = 631006)	Q3 (n = 683678)	Q4 (n = 662954)	P value
Age, years	53.99 ± 11.04	54.34 ± 10.57	54.54 ± 10.3	54.3 ± 9.92	< 0.0001
Sex (male)	330522 (48.75)	326287 (51.71)	335805 (49.12)	336263 (50.72)	< 0.0001
Height, cm	161.72 ± 8.57	161.94 ± 8.75	161.46 ± 8.94	161.51 ± 9.02	< 0.0001
Weight, kg	60.08 ± 9.44	62.32 ± 10.26	63.76 ± 10.8	65.23 ± 11.11	< 0.0001
BMI, kg/m²	22.91 ± 2.68	23.68 ± 2.85	24.37 ± 3.01	24.93 ± 3.2	< 0.0001
Waist circumference, cm	78.19 ± 7.96	80.51 ± 8.32	82.23 ± 8.47	83.94 ± 8.51	< 0.0001
Systolic BP, mmHg	120.82 ± 15.02	123.24 ± 15.11	125.23 ± 15.35	127.69 ± 15.79	< 0.0001
Diastolic BP, mmHg	74.9 ± 9.87	76.57 ± 9.95	77.85 ± 10.12	79.49 ± 10.45	< 0.0001
Income, lowest quartile	139230 (20.53)	126443 (20.04)	137994 (20.18)	135313 (20.41)	< 0.0001
Smoking					< 0.0001
Non-smoker	466617 (68.82)	404113 (64.04)	431045 (63.05)	388541 (58.61)
Ex-smoker	104231 (15.37)	104399 (16.54)	105572 (15.44)	97486 (14.7)
Current	107179 (15.81)	122494 (19.41)	147061 (21.51)	176927 (26.69)
Alcohol consumption					< 0.0001
Non	469136 (69.19)	386982 (61.33)	385451 (56.38)	315205 (47.55)
Mild	192284 (28.36)	214338 (33.97)	244884 (35.82)	243625 (36.75)
Heavy	16607 (2.45)	29686 (4.7)	53343 (7.8)	104124 (15.71)
Regular exercise	141972 (20.94)	129964 (20.6)	135520 (19.82)	123807 (18.68)	< 0.0001
Diabetes mellitus	47748 (7.04)	57860 (9.17)	82847 (12.12)	116527 (17.58)	< 0.0001
Hypertension	159803 (23.57)	187639 (29.74)	245357 (35.89)	284908 (42.98)	< 0.0001
Dyslipidemia	85023 (12.54)	117879 (18.68)	168725 (24.68)	204262 (30.81)	< 0.0001
CKD	50370 (7.43)	50632 (8.02)	59473 (8.7)	57527 (8.68)	< 0.0001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	95.22 ± 19.82	97.76 ± 22.77	100.74 ± 25.96	106.23 ± 31.61	< 0.0001
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/minute/1.73 m²	85.84 ± 36.4	84.49 ± 38.14	84.33 ± 39.19	84.99 ± 37.51	< 0.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	189.41 ± 33.53	197.61 ± 35.16	202.83 ± 37.04	206.82 ± 40.37	< 0.0001
HDL-C, mg/dL	56.11 ± 29.52	55.6 ± 29.27	55.45 ± 30.01	56.03 ± 29.36	< 0.0001
LDL-C, mg/dL	113.67 ± 35.48	118.38 ± 37.06	119.97 ± 39.03	116.79 ± 42.7	< 0.0001
Triglyceride¹, mg/dL	93.37 (93.26-93.48)	109.43 (109.29-109.57)	125.29 (125.13-125.45)	150.01 (149.81-150.22)	< 0.0001
AST¹, IU/L	20.97 (20.95-20.98)	22.31 (22.29-22.33)	24 (23.98-24.02)	29.95 (29.92-29.98)	< 0.0001
ALT¹, IU/L	16.51 (16.5-16.53)	19.25 (19.23-19.27)	22.47 (22.44-22.49)	30.91 (30.87-30.95)	< 0.0001

¹Variables are presented with geometric mean and 95% confidence interval.

GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

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Citation: Lee MW, Park JM, Cho IR, Chung KH, Kim BS, Choi JH, Paik WH, Ryu JK, Han K, Lee SH. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level is associated with the risk of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(40): 110932
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i40/110932.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i40.110932

Lee MW, Park JM, Cho IR, Chung KH, Kim BS, Choi JH, Paik WH, Ryu JK, Han K, Lee SH. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level is associated with the risk of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(40): 110932 [PMID: 41180989 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i40.110932]

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