Stem cell- and extracellular vesicle-based therapies for perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease: An updated review

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i39.112229

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2025; 31(39): 112229
Published online Oct 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i39.112229

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Figure 2 Upregulation of degradative and secretory autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells promotes their survival and enhances both the quality and quantity of their extracellular vesicles, including exosomes. Light chain 3 (LC3)-dependent extracellular vesicle (EV) loading and secretion, LC3-dependent EV loading and secretion, lysosome, autophagosome. mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; AMPK: Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; EV: Extracellular vesicle; LDELS: Light chain 3-dependent extracellular vesicle loading and secretion; PFCD: Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease.

Citation: Bhatnagar P, Elhariri S, Burud IAS, Eid N. Stem cell- and extracellular vesicle-based therapies for perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease: An updated review. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(39): 112229
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i39/112229.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i39.112229

Bhatnagar P, Elhariri S, Burud IAS, Eid N. Stem cell- and extracellular vesicle-based therapies for perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease: An updated review. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(39): 112229 [PMID: 41180780 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i39.112229]

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