Early risk stratification of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis using 4-hour serum amylase and lipase: A prospective study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and procedural findings of the study, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variable	Total patients (n = 1915)
Age, years	64.1 ± 17.5
Sex
Male	1068 (55.8)
Female	847 (44.2)
BMI, kg/m2	24.1 ± 4.0
Smoking	330 (17.2)
Alcohol intake	494 (25.8)
Amounts of alcohol (g)	3.1 ± 4.4
History of acute pancreatitis	49 (2.6)
Initial laboratory findings
WBC, μL	8536.1 ± 4542.9
Hb, g/dL	12.6 ± 2.0
Platelet, μL	225.0 ± 90.2
AST, IU/L	195.7 ± 334.5
ALT, IU/L	185.1 ± 223.2
GGT, g/dL	423.3 ± 441.7
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	3.5 ± 5.0
Amylase, IU/L	63.7 ± 41.3
Lipase, IU/L	61.1 ± 107.9
Acute cholangitis on admission	807 (42.1)
PTBD prior to ERCP	18 (0.9)
PTGBD prior to ERCP	50 (2.6)
Total procedure time, minute	15.5 ± 10.1
Selective deep cannulation time, minute	4.7 ± 5.8
Primary infundibulotomy	275 (14.4)
EPBD	314 (16.4)
Endoscopic sphincterotomy	1710 (89.3)
Biliary stent placement	1298 (67.8)
Pancreatic stent placement	380 (19.8)

BMI: Body mass index; WBC: White blood cell; Hb: Hemoglobin; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PTGBD: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation.