Targetable pathways for drug repurposing in gastric cancer

Figure 2 Mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p53, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathways. Purple form indicated main pathway proteins; light blue form indicated drugs; dark blue form indicated proteins involved in the mechanism of action of the drug; “?” symbol indicated target is not clear. ATRA: All-trans retinoic acid; Pin1: Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1; AMPK: Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; SRC: Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; DRD2: Dopamine receptor D2; HDAC1/2: Histone deacetylase 1/2; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; SMHT2: Serine hydroxymethyl transferase 2.