Influence of blood transfusion on postoperative inflammation, stress markers, and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer

Table 5 Multivariate Cox analysis of various indicators on overall survival and disease-free survival

Parameters	Overall survival		Disease-free survival
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Blood transfusion	1.876 (1.293-2.723)	0.004	1.644 (1.134-2.388)	0.014
Age (per 1 year)	1.034 (1.004-1.064)	0.031	1.026 (0.997-1.046)	0.157
Sex (male/female)	0.973 (0.705-1.342)	0.884	0.956 (0.684-1.326)	0.750
BMI (per 1 kg/m²)	0.985 (0.945-1.022)	0.322	1.012 (0.975-1.056)	0.606
ECOG performance status (1/0)	1.516 (1.055-2.175)	0.032	1.425 (0.984-2.056)	0.063
ΔCRP (per 1 mg/L)	1.085 (1.022-1.145)	0.014	1.073 (1.019-1.134)	0.034
ΔIL-6 (per 1 pg/mL)	1.063 (1.016-1.125)	0.034	1.051 (1.007-1.104)	0.052
ΔTNF-α (per 1 pg/mL)	1.106 (1.032-1.172)	0.017	1.091 (1.028-1.165)	0.024
ΔCortisol (per 1 nmol/L)	1.043 (0.993-1.095)	0.128	1.037 (0.984-1.088)	0.216
ΔEpinephrine (per 1 ng/L)	1.032 (0.985-1.083)	0.232	1.027 (0.972-1.076)	0.376
Postoperative complication
Bleeding (yes/no)	1.925 (1.365-2.723)	0.006	1.783 (1.284-2.482)	0.007
Anastomotic leak (yes/no)	2.057 (1.402-3.005)	< 0.001	1.903 (1.305-2.792)	0.004
Duodenal stump leak (yes/no)	1.882 (1.312-2.717)	0.003	1.793 (1.253-2.567)	0.006
Pancreatic fistula (yes/no)	2.108 (1.456-3.044)	< 0.001	1.955 (1.353-2.825)	< 0.001
Abdominal collection (yes/no)	1.752 (1.285-2.398)	0.001	1.623 (1.205-2.196)	0.008
Clostridium infection (yes/no)	1.685 (1.205-2.367)	0.002	1.584 (1.132-2.217)	0.007
Wound infection (yes/no)	1.624 (1.155-2.286)	0.006	1.553 (1.104-2.197)	0.013
Pneumonia (yes/no)	1.802 (1.254-2.587)	0.001	1.703 (1.181-2.454)	0.004
Catheter infection (yes/no)	1.553 (1.083-2.237)	0.018	1.485 (1.027-2.142)	0.037
Urinary infection (yes/no)	1.451 (1.002-2.105)	0.052	1.405 (0.963-2.042)	0.082
Dumping syndrome (yes/no)	1.304 (0.904-1.886)	0.171	1.25 (0.863-1.815)	0.242

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.