Clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection vs endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil and cyanoacrylate injection for gastric varices: A propensity score-matched study

Table 1 Baseline comparison between the clip and endoscopic ultrasound groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variable	Before propensity score matching			After propensity score matching
	Clip group (n = 103)	EUS group (n = 59)	P value	Clip group (n = 72)	EUS group (n = 36)	P value
Sex			0.326			0.177
Male	83 (80.6)	43 (72.9)		60 (83.3)	26 (72.2)
Female	20 (19.4)	16 (27.1)		12 (16.7)	10 (27.8)
Age, year	56.4 ± 11.2	57.6 ± 10.0	0.494	56.2 ± 10.8	59.1 ± 10.7	0.186
Etiology of cirrhosis			0.968			0.695
Viral hepatitis B	68 (66.0)	39 (66.1)		47 (65.3)	20 (55.6)
Viral hepatitis C	2 (1.9)	1 (1.7)		1 (1.4)	1 (2.8)
Alcohol consumption	8 (7.8)	5 (8.5)		6 (8.3)	5 (13.9)
Autoimmune	10 (9.7)	3 (5.1)		7 (9.7)	3 (8.3)
Parasite	3 (2.9)	5 (8.5)		2 (2.8)	3 (8.3)
Cryptogenic	12 (11.7)	6 (10.2)		9 (12.5)	4 (11.1)
Concomitant HCC	19 (18.4)	15 (25.4)	0.320	16 (22.2)	8 (22.2)	1.000
Child-Pugh grade			0.104			0.202
A	38 (36.9)	30 (50.8)		26 (36.1)	19 (52.8)
B	58 (56.3)	23 (39.0)		41 (56.9)	14 (38.9)
C	7 (6.8)	6 (10.2)		5 (6.9)	3 (8.3)
Presentation active bleed	73 (70.9)	38 (64.4)	0.551	52 (72.2)	24 (66.7)	0.551
Previous GV bleeding	61 (59.2)	45 (76.3)	< 0.001	41 (56.9)	25 (69.4)	0.209
RCS on GV	67 (66.3)	36 (61.0)	0.500	47 (66.2)	22 (61.1)	0.603
Concomitant esophageal varices	88 (85.4)	51 (86.4)	0.996	60 (83.3)	29 (80.6)	0.530
Type of gastric varix			0.143			0.134
GOV2	52 (50.5)	37 (62.7)		33 (45.8)	22 (61.1)
IGV1	51 (49.5)	22 (37.3)		39 (54.2)	14 (38.9)
Maximum diameter of gastric fundal varices, cm	2.4 ± 1.3	2.5 ± 1.2	0.481	2.5 ± 1.1	2.5 ± 1.3	0.609
Type of spontaneous portosystemic shunts			0.082			0.319
Gastrorenal shunt	43 (41.7)	33 (55.9)		23 (31.9)	15 (41.7)
Splenorenal shunt	60 (58.3)	26 (44.1)		49 (68.1)	21 (58.3)
Minimum diameter of shunt varices, cm	0.5 ± 0.2	0.4 ± 0.2	0.354	0.5 ± 0.2	0.4 ± 0.2	0.326
Child-Pugh score	7.3 (1.6)	6.9 (1.8)	0.092	7.1 (1.3)	6.8 (1.8)	0.355
MELD score	9.6 (3.3)	8.6 (3.4)	0.091	8.9 (2.3)	8.2 (4.1)	0.213
Length of stay, day, median (IQR)	7 (2-28)	7 (3-23)	0.196	7 (2-27)	7.5 (3-23)	0.889
Follow-up time, month, median (IQR)	29.4 (9.8-53.0)	30.3 (9.8-53.3)	0.041	29.5 (9.8-53.0)	31.1 (9.8-75.3)	0.093

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; RCS: Red color sign; GVs: Gastric varices; GOV2: Gastroesophageal varices type 2; IGV1: Isolated gastric varices type 1; IQR: Interquartile range; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.