Extrapulmonary metastases impact survival outcomes of thermal ablation for colorectal lung oligometastases: A multicenter study

Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier survival curves for local tumor progression-free survival according to anatomical and biological risk factors. A: Peridiaphragmatic lesion location was significantly associated with increased local progression risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.447, suggesting anatomical proximity to the diaphragm may compromise ablative efficacy; B: Tumor number was a strong predictor of local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS). Compared with patients who had a single tumor, those with 2, 3, and 4 tumors showed markedly increased risk of local progression, with HRs of 4.419, 9.607, and 11.140, respectively; C: Tumor size ≥ 3 cm significantly predicted reduced LTPFS (HR = 3.367), indicating that larger lesions may be more challenging to fully ablate; D: Elevated pre-procedural carcinoembryonic antigen levels (> 20 ng/mL) independently correlated with shorter LTPFS (HR = 2.184), reflecting a potential marker of biologically aggressive disease. LTP: Local tumor progression; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen. A higher hazard ratio indicates greater risk of local recurrence following ablation.