Identification of key factors and explainability analysis for surgical decision-making in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis assisted by machine learning

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111038

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2025; 31(37): 111038
Published online Oct 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111038

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the hepatectomy group and the ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation group, n (%)

Variable	Levels	Hepatectomy (n = 545)	ELRA (n = 165)	P value
Gender	Female	275 (50.5)	97 (58.8)	0.074
Gender	Male	270 (49.5)	68 (41.2)	0.074
History of previous hepatectomy	None	446 (81.8)	140 (84.8)	0.438
History of previous hepatectomy	Yes	99 (18.2)	25 (15.2)	0.438
Lesion size, cm	< 5	47 (8.6)	5 (3)	< 0.001
	5 ≤ to < 10	217 (39.8)	37 (22.4)
	10 ≤ to < 15	192 (35.2)	61 (37)
	15 ≤ to < 20	76 (13.9)	47 (28.5)
	≥ 20	13 (2.4)	15 (9.1)
Lesion number	Single	358 (65.7)	114 (69.1)	0.473
Lesion number	Multiple	187 (34.3)	51 (30.9)	0.473
Lesion location	Single liver lobe	333 (61.1)	75 (45.5)	< 0.001
Lesion location	Multiple liver lobes	212 (38.9)	90 (54.5)	< 0.001
Type of vascular invasion by the lesion	No abnormality	248 (45.5)	25 (15.2)	< 0.001
	Only invaded the portal vein	91 (16.7)	21 (12.7)
	Only invaded the hepatic vein	37 (6.8)	18 (10.9)
	Only invaded the inferior vena cava	10 (1.8)	4 (2.4)
	Invaded two types of vessels simultaneously	124 (22.8)	63 (38.2)
	Invaded three types of vessels simultaneously	35 (6.4)	34 (20.6)
Degree of lesion invasion of the bile duct	No abnormality	281 (51.6)	37 (22.4)	< 0.001
	Only compressed the bile duct	125 (22.9)	56 (33.9)
	Invaded the bile duct	139 (25.5)	72 (43.6)
WBC	Median (IQR)	6.72 (5.50-7.99)	6.08 (5.09-7.80)	0.005
Hb	Median (IQR)	131.00 (113.00-144.00)	113.00 (101.00-128.00)	< 0.001
PLT	Median (IQR)	253.00 (200.00-311.00)	237.00 (179.00-299.00)	0.033
ALT	Median (IQR)	27.79 (18.00-52.22)	31.64 (19.56-59.00)	0.101
GGT	Median (IQR)	69.00 (35.30-154.00)	110.89 (60.60-232.30)	< 0.001
DBil	Median (IQR)	1.86 (0.30-4.10)	1.86 (0.30-5.49)	0.513
IBil	Median (IQR)	7.59 (4.68-11.52)	9.37 (6.44-14.21)	< 0.001
ALB	Median (IQR)	37.70 (34.21-40.50)	36.67 (33.79-40.00)	0.112
GLO	Median (IQR)	39.36 (33.47-45.30)	44.20 (38.19-50.50)	< 0.001
Scr	Median (IQR)	59.86 (48.68-70.38)	49.92 (42.71-65.00)	< 0.001
BUN	Median (IQR)	4.40 (3.58-5.40)	3.90 (3.17-4.90)	< 0.001
UA	Median (IQR)	268.00 (212.00-332.88)	244.75 (206.04-298.96)	0.009
ALP	Median (IQR)	131.71 (91.00-240.00)	207.60 (134.46-381.68)	< 0.001
TT	Median (IQR)	20.40 (19.20-21.50)	21.30 (20.10-22.20)	< 0.001
PT	Median (IQR)	12.00 (11.20-12.90)	12.80 (11.90-14.20)	< 0.001
APTT	Median (IQR)	34.20 (31.70-36.90)	34.80 (31.60-38.00)	0.076

ELRA: Ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation; WBC: White blood cell count; PLT: Platelet count; Hb: Hemoglobin; DBil: Direct bilirubin; IBil: Indirect bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; ALB: Albumin; GLO: Globulin; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea; UA: Uric acid; TT: Thrombin time; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Partial thromboplastin time; IQR: Interquartile range.

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Citation: Zhu DL, Tulahong A, Liu C, Aierken A, Tan W, Ruze R, Yuan ZD, Yin L, Jiang TM, Lin RY, Shao YM, Aji T. Identification of key factors and explainability analysis for surgical decision-making in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis assisted by machine learning. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(37): 111038
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i37/111038.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111038

Zhu DL, Tulahong A, Liu C, Aierken A, Tan W, Ruze R, Yuan ZD, Yin L, Jiang TM, Lin RY, Shao YM, Aji T. Identification of key factors and explainability analysis for surgical decision-making in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis assisted by machine learning. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(37): 111038 [PMID: 41025013 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111038]

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