Considerations and clinical utility of referral pathways for early detection of liver disease in at-risk populations

Table 5 Test characteristics to obtain 80% sensitivity in a general population setting

	Cut-off	Specificity (%)	NPV	PPV
FIB-4	0.73	24	0.93	0.08
SAFE	-7.04	52	0.97	0.12
LRS	4.98	46	0.97	0.11
MAF-5	-0.37	62	0.97	0.15
CORE	0.0018	37	0.96	0.10

FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; SAFE: Steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator; LRS: Liver risk score; MAF-5: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fibrosis 5; CORE: A new risk score measuring gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase; NPV: Negative predictive value; PPV: Positive predictive value. Data was extracted from Van Kleef et al[72]. Citation: Van Kleef LA, Pustjens J, Schattenberg JM, Holleboom AG, Castro Cabezas M, Tushuizen ME, de Knegt RJ, Ikram MA, Janssen HLA, Francque SM, Brouwer WP. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy and utility of non-invasive tests for clinically significant liver disease in a general population with metabolic dysfunction. Hepatology 2025. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Wolters Kluwer Health.