Predicting pathological complete response to chemoradiotherapy using artificial intelligence-based magnetic resonance imaging radiomics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Figure 1 Workflow of semi-automated three dimensions tumor segmentation using BD score software. A: A maximum intensity projection (MIP) image showing high-signal intensity areas automatically extracted from diffusion-weighted imaging; B: A MIP image demonstrating the manual editing process to exclude non-tumorous hyperintense structures from the initial automated segmentation; C: The final three dimensions tumor volume for radiomics analysis. The color overlay on the MIP (left) and axial (right) images corresponds to apparent diffusion coefficient values: Red (0.3-1.0 × 10^-3 mm²/second), yellow (1.0-1.5 × 10^-3 mm²/second), and green (1.5-2.0 × 10^-3 mm²/second). ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; MIP: Maximum intensity projection.