Application of deep learning-based convolutional neural networks in gastrointestinal disease endoscopic examination

Figure 1 Organizational framework of the review. The diagram illustrates the logical flow of the manuscript, beginning with the clinical background of gastrointestinal diseases. It then progresses to the fundamental principles of convolutional neural networks and their specific applications in endoscopic examination, categorized into three main domains. The review concludes by addressing the key challenges and future perspectives for the clinical translation of these technologies. GI: Gastrointestinal; CNNs: Convolutional neural networks; AI: Artificial intelligence.