Comparative evaluation of three traditional herbal formulas on gastrointestinal motility in a mouse model of cold stress-induced dyspepsia

Figure 5 Changes in intestinal serotonin, cholecystokinin, and bile acid receptors. A: Immunofluorescence staining of the jejunum for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and MUC2; B: Comparison of 5-HT concentration in intestinal tissue; C and D: Comparison of gene expression levels of 5-HT receptors; E: Comparison of cholecystokinin concentration in intestinal tissue; F and G: Comparison of gene expression levels of bile acid receptors. ^aP < 0.05, compared with the normal group; ^bP < 0.01, compared with the normal group; ^cP < 0.05, compared with the normal group; ^dP < 0.01, compared with the cold stress group (n = 4 or 8). YT: Yijung-tang; ST: Shihosogan-tang; PS: Pyeongwi-san; CS: Cold stress; MO: Mosapride; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; 5HT3R: 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor; 5HT4R: 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor; CCK: Cholecystokinin; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; TGR5: Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.