Ambroxol mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury by suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB signaling and oxidative stress and upregulating cytoglobin, TXNRD1 and HMGB1

Figure 5 Ambroxol suppressed inflammation in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. A-C: Ambroxol decreased liver toll-like receptor-4 (A and B), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 (A and C); D: Tumor necrosis factor-α; E: Interleukin-1β. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). ^bP < 0.01 and ^cP < 0.001 vs control group, ^eP < 0.01 and ^fP < 0.001 vs cyclophosphamide. ABX: Ambroxol; CP: Cyclophosphamide; TLR: Toll-like receptor; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin.