Role of preoperative circulating tumor DNA in predicting occult metastases in resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of preoperative factors related to occult metastases

Factors	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age, ≥ 70 (years)	0.99	0.46-2.13	0.975
Sex, male	1.21	0.57-2.57	0.620
Tumor location, Pb, Pt	1.11	0.48-2.56	0.802
1Resectability status, BR	0.66	0.29-1.52	0.332
Neoadjuvant therapy, yes	1.82	0.63-5.25	0.265
Preoperative CA19-9, ≥ 150 (U/mL)	3.08	1.28-7.41	0.012	2.89	1.10-7.61	0.031
Preoperative tumor size, ≥ 29 (mm)	3.03	1.10-8.37	0.032	2.82	0.92-8.64	0.069
ctDNA, positive	4.23	1.86-9.66	0.0006	4.96	2.07-11.90	< 0.001

¹According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria.

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ctDNA: Circulating tumor DNA; BR: Borderline resectable; Pb: Pancreatic body; Pt: Pancreatic tail; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.