Melatonin-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2-driven glutamine metabolism

Figure 6 Effects of melatonin on apoptosis and autophagy in human pancreatic cancer cells Panc-1 and AsPC-1. A: Apoptosis in Panc-1 and AsPC-1 cells after 48 hours of melatonin treatment was detected using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry; B: The expression levels of sequestosome-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 proteins in Panc-1 and AsPC-1 cells treated with different melatonin concentrations for 24 hours were measured using western blotting (n = 3); C: The expression of sequestosome-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 in Panc-1 and AsPC-1 cells treated with different melatonin concentrations was measured using immunofluorescence. MLT: Melatonin; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: Propidium iodide; LC3: Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; P62: Sequestosome-1.