Sex based relative expression of estrogen receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver affects hepatitis C virus viral pathogenesis

Figure 1 Message RNA expression of estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β in human liver tissues from normal subjects. A: Estrogen receptor subtype expression was analyzed in human liver tissues by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using gene specific primers. Target gene expression was normalized to GUSB and SRSF4 expression using the ΔCt method and plotted; B: Stratification of A by sex; C: Ratio of ESR1 to ESR2 message RNA expression in normals stratified by sex. Column bars represent the median. Each symbol represents one individual. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis test where ^aP ≤ 0.05. ^bP ≤ 0.01. ^dP ≤ 0.0001. mRNA: Message RNA.