Textbook outcome and associated risk factors in laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration

Table 1 Univariate comparison of preoperative variables between textbook outcome and non-textbook outcome groups

Characteristic	All (n = 388)	TO achieved (n = 276)	TO not achieved (n = 112)	P value
Sex
Female	208	156	52	0.071
Male	180	120	60
Age	53.5 (18, 84)	52 (18, 83)	59 (28, 84)	< 0.01a
BMI	23.66 ± 3.29	23.61 ± 3.54	23.78 ± 2.59	0.607
Admission laboratory tests
Platelet count (× 109/L)	214 (179, 268)	222 (181, 279)	209 (176, 247)	0.166
White blood cell count (× 109/L)	5.75 (4.75, 7.36)	5.76 (4.77, 7.35)	5.68 (4.53, 7.59)	0.694
Neutrophil count (× 109/L)	3.30 (2.46, 4.73)	3.30 (2.46, 4.73)	3.41 (2.40, 5.43)	0.294
ALT (U/L)	71 (20, 228)	78 (18, 231)	65 (28, 227)	0.694
AST (U/L)	38 (22, 101)	37 (21, 98)	40 (25, 140)	0.162
TB (μmol/L)	20 (12.6, 40.5)	18.5 (12.6, 39.3)	25.6 (12.7, 58)	0.018a
DB (μmol/L)	10.4 (4.5, 23.6)	9.5 (4.3, 20.5)	13.6 (6.2, 46.1)	0.005a
ALP (U/L)	107.5 (74, 186)	105 (69, 177)	117.5 (81, 196)	0.098
γ-GT (U/L)	168.5 (41.2, 358.2)	179.5 (43.5, 368.7)	168.5 (41.2, 343)	0.751
Serum amylase (U/L)	32 (21, 65)	33 (26, 88)	29.5 (20, 71.2)	0.208
Urine amylase (U/L)	423 (239, 1077)	451.5 (254, 1111.8)	376.5 (183, 2028)	0.295
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.14 (4.66, 6.01)	5.04 (4.67, 5.88)	5.59 (4.61, 6.62)	0.004a
Preoperative imaging examinations
Common bile duct stone diameter	0.4 (0.3, 0.6)	0.3 (0.2, 0.5)	0.5 (0.3, 0.74)	0.004a
Common bile duct diameter	0.9 (0.8, 1.1)	1.0 (0.8, 1.1)	0.95 (0.8, 1.3)	0.802
Cystic duct diameter	0.4 (0.34, 0.5)	0.4 (0.34, 0.5)	0.4 (0.34, 0.5)	0.921
Number of common bile duct stones				0.257
0	62	50	12
1	270	188	82
2	24	18	6
≥ 3	32	20	12
Gallbladder wall thickness				0.370
< 3 mm	194	142	52
≥ 3 mm	194	134	60
Intrahepatic bile duct dilation				0.303
No	238	174	64
Yes	150	102	48
Preoperative diagnoses				< 0.01a
Cholecystolithiasis	24	12	12
Choledocholithiasis	322	240	82
Biliary pancreatitis	42	24	18
Preoperative interventions
Preoperative ERCP				0.007a
No	376	272	104
Yes	12	4	8
Preoperative biliary drainage				0.165
No	356	254	102
PTCD	6	6	0
PTGD	26	16	10
Choledochoscope diameter used				0.408
3 mm	144	106	38
5 mm	244	170	74
Conversion to open surgery				0.026a
No	386	276	110
Yes	2	0	2
Anesthesia time	106 (85, 137)	102 (82, 125)	125 (90, 170)	< 0.001a
ASA score				0.032a
1	32	24	8
2	316	230	86
3	38	22	16
4	2	0	2
Hypertension				0.095
No	286	210	76
Yes	102	66	36
Diabetes				0.88
No	352	250	112
Yes	36	26	10
Coronary heart disease				0.004a
No	362	264	98
Yes	26	12	14

^aP value < 0.05.

TO: Textbook outcome; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TB: Total bilirubin; DB: Direct bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; γ-GT: Γ-glutamyl transferase; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PTCD: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage; PTGD: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.