Association of triglyceride-glucose index with long-term prognosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy and targeted therapy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of triglyceride-glucose index < 1.58 and triglyceride-glucose index ≥ 1.58, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variables	Overall (N = 278), mean ± SD (%)	Low TyG index (n = 134)	High TyG index (n = 144)	P value
BMI, kg/m2	22.67 ± 2.89	21.86 ± 2.68	23.53 ± 2.87	< 0.001a
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	5.47 ± 1.24	4.83 ± 0.80	6.56 ± 1.10	< 0.001a
Fasting triglycerides, mg/dL	1.73 ± 0.42	1.42 ± 0.27	2.07 ± 0.25	< 0.001a
Tyg index	1.66 ± 0.56	1.24 ± 0.43	2.12 ± 0.23	< 0.001a
Age, years				0.673
< 60	125 (44.96)	62 (46.27)	63 (43.75)
≥ 60	153 (55.04)	72 (53.73)	81 (56.25)
Sex				0.637
Female	141 (50.72)	66 (49.25)	75 (52.08)
Male	137 (49.28)	68 (50.75)	69 (47.92)
Drinking history				0.428
No	191 (68.71)	89 (66.42)	102 (70.83)
Yes	87 (31.29)	45 (33.58)	42 (29.17)
Smoking history				0.887
No	192 (69.06)	92 (68.66)	100 (69.44)
Yes	86 (30.94)	42 (31.34)	44 (30.56)
ECOG				0.183
0	182 (65.47)	93 (69.40)	89 (61.81)
1	96 (34.53)	41 (30.60)	55 (38.19)
Hypertensive				0.545
No	169 (60.79)	79 (58.96)	90 (62.50)
Yes	109 (39.21)	55 (41.04)	54 (37.50)
Diabetes				0.132
No	210 (75.54)	112 (83.58)	98 (68.06)
Yes	68 (24.46)	22 (16.42)	46 (31.94)
HBV DNA (IU/mL)				0.216
HBV ≤ 2000	147 (52.88)	76 (56.72)	71 (49.31)
HBV > 2000	131 (47.12)	58 (43.28)	73 (50.69)
AFP, ng/mL				0.431
< 1210	126 (45.38)	64 (47.76)	62 (43.06)
≥ 1210	152 (54.68)	70 (52.24)	82 (56.94)
HBe				0.328
Negative	202 (72.66)	101 (75.37)	101 (70.14)
Positive	76 (27.34)	33 (24.63)	43 (29.86)
Metastasis				0.178
No	190 (68.35)	94 (70.15)	96 (66.67)
Yes	88 (31.65)	40 (29.85)	48 (33.33)
Child-Pugh class				0.241
A	158 (56.83)	81 (60.45)	77 (53.47)
B	120 (43.17)	53 (39.55)	67 (46.53)
BCLC stage				0.830
B	145 (52.16)	69 (51.49)	76 (54.17)
C	133 (47.84)	65 (48.51)	68 (45.83)
PVTT				0.215
No	212 (76.26)	104 (77.71)	108 (75.00)
Yes	66 (23.74)	30 (22.29)	36 (25.00)
ALT (U/L)				0.683
≤ 40	150 (53.96)	74 (47.76)	76 (52.78)
> 40	128 (46.04)	60 (52.24)	68 (47.22)
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)				0.182
> 34	173 (62.23)	78 (58.21)	95 (65.97)
≤ 34	105 (37.77)	56 (41.79)	49 (34.03)
Cirrhosis				0.213
No	149 (53.60)	77 (57.46)	72 (50.00)
Yes	129 (46.40)	57 (42.54)	72 (50.00)
Interventional				0.845
No	156 (56.12)	76 (56.72)	80 (55.56)
Yes	122 (43.88)	58 (43.28)	64 (44.44)

^aP < 0.05.

TyG: Triglyceride-glucose; BMI: Body mass index; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HBe: Hepatitis B e; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombosis; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.