Poor sleep and hepatic steatosis contribute to poorer quality of life in people with human immunodeficiency virus

Table 2 Sleep quality and health related quality of life in people with human immunodeficiency virus by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease status

	Entire cohort, N = 1005	Non-SLD, N = 562	MASLD, N = 443	P value	MASLD and LSM < 8, N = 369	MASLD and LSM ≥ 8, N = 74	P value
Sleep quality: PSQI
PSQI >5	63.6%	63.0%	64.3%	0.7	63.4%	68.9%	0.4
Total PSQI score	6.6 ± 4.1	6.5 ± 4.1	6.7 ± 4.1	0.5	6.5 ± 4.0	7.8 ± 4.2	0.02
Daytime dysfunction	0.6 ± 0.8	0.6 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.8	0.07	0.5 ± 0.8	0.6 ± 0.7	0.4
Sleep disturbances	1.4 ± 0.7	1.4 ± 0.7	1.4 ± 0.7	0.9	1.3 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.7	0.01
Sleep duration	0.7 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.9	0.5	0.7 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.9	0.9
Habitual sleep efficiency	0.8 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 1.0	0.3	0.8 ± 1.0	1.0 ± 1.0	0.08
Sleep latency	1.3 ± 1.1	1.3 ± 1.1	1.3 ± 1.1	0.5	1.2 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.0	< 0.001
Needs medication	0.8 ± 1.2	0.8 ± 1.2	0.9 ± 1.3	0.4	0.9 ± 1.2	0.9 ± 1.4	0.8
Sleep quality	1.0 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 0.8	0.6	1.02 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 0.8	0.1
Health-related quality of life: SF-36
Physical component summary score	47.3 ± 10.9	48.4 ± 10.5	45.9 ± 11.2	< 0.001	46.6 ± 10.9	42.5 ± 12.4	0.004
Physical functioning	76.6 ± 28.4	78.9 ± 27.2	73.6 ± 29.7	0.003	75.3 ± 28.6	64.9 ± 33.5	0.01
Role limitations due to physical health	71.04 ± 40.0	73.2 ± 39.2	68.4 ± 41.1	0.06	69.8 ± 40.2	61.0 ± 44.9	0.1
Pain	74.5 ± 27.7	76.2 ± 26.7	72.3 ± 28.9	0.02	73.2 ± 28.8	68.0 ± 29.1	0.2
General health	65.0 ± 22.5	66.3 ± 22.1	63.4 ± 22.9	0.04	65.2 ± 22.0	54.5 ± 25.3	0.001
Mental component summary score	48.7 ± 11.5	48.1 ± 12.3	49.5 ± 10.5	0.07	49.7 ± 10.6	48.3 ± 9.9	0.3
Role limitations due to emotional health	70.4 ± 40.6	71.0 ± 40.6	69.6 ± 40.6	0.6	70.5 ± 39.9	65.3 ± 43.9	0.4
Energy/fatigue	60.9 ± 23.5	61.10 ± 24.1	60.7 ± 22.8	0.8	61.8 ± 22.4	55.1 ± 24.1	0.03
Emotional well-being	73.1 ± 20.5	72.2 ± 21.4	74.2 ± 19.3	0.1	74.9 ± 19.1	70.7 ± 19.7	0.09
Social functioning	78.5 ± 26.0	78.0 ± 27.1	79.1 ± 24.6	0.5	79.9 ± 24.2	75.3 ± 26.6	0.2

Non-SLD: Non-steatotic liver disease; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SF-36: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.