Construction of a community-based primary screening and hospital-based confirmatory screening pathway in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i28.108321

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

World J Gastroenterol. Jul 28, 2025; 31(28): 108321
Published online Jul 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i28.108321

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 222)	F0-F1 (n = 109)	≥ F2 (n = 113)	P value¹
Male	195 (87.8)	94 (86.2)	101 (89.4)	0.610
Age (years)	11.6 (3.23)	12.0 (3.75)	11.2 (2.59)	0.371
Weight (kg)	61.6 (21.2)	61.6 (21.4)	61.5 (21.0)	0.941
BMI	25.0 (4.72)	24.6 (4.18)	25.4 (5.17)	0.416
BMI-z	2.25 (1.13)	2.11 (0.89)	2.39 (1.30)	0.004
G	1.46 (0.56)	1.18 (0.41)	1.73 (0.56)	< 0.001
S	1.68 (0.92)	0.85 (0.36)	2.47 (0.50)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	120 (13.2)	120 (12.4)	120 (13.9)	0.865
DBP (mmHg)	72.7 (7.82)	73.3 (8.51)	72.2 (7.08)	0.266
ALT (U/L)	190 (139)	170 (138)	209 (138)	0.013
FPG (mmol/L)	4.95 (0.80)	4.88 (0.58)	5.01 (0.97)	0.888
Insulin (mU/L)	30.0 (17.7)	21.3 (12.9)	37.7 (18.0)	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.45 (1.02)	4.44 (1.11)	4.46 (0.92)	0.465
TG (mmol/L)	1.62 (0.82)	1.63 (0.90)	1.61 (0.75)	0.702
PLT (× 10⁹/L)	282 (63.3)	279 (70.8)	286 (55.3)	0.305
Creatinine (μmol/L)	56.7 (13.5)	60.4 (16.4)	53.0 (8.51)	0.005
HDL (mmol/L)	1.14 (0.25)	1.18 (0.24)	1.10 (0.25)	0.034
LDL (mmol/L)	3.01 (0.80)	2.98 (0.88)	3.03 (0.72)	0.377
Urea (mmol/L)	3.86 (1.06)	4.01 (1.14)	3.73 (0.95)	0.068
UA (μmol/L)	380 (114)	397 (113)	365 (113)	0.053
HGB (g/L)	137 (13.2)	140 (13.4)	135 (12.5)	0.041
AST (U/L)	112 (89.8)	90.8 (84.4)	132 (90.6)	< 0.001
ALP (U/L)	290 (132)	255 (122)	323 (132)	< 0.001
GGT (U/L)	85.7 (80.2)	78.6 (84.6)	92.7 (75.4)	0.003
Albumin (g/L)	45.2 (4.62)	45.6 (4.20)	44.7 (4.98)	0.048
Prothrombin activity	100 (15.0)	102 (15.7)	98.1 (14.0)	0.052
Fibrinogen (g/L)	3.04 (0.816)	2.90 (0.809)	3.19 (0.802)	0.027
Lipoprotein a (mg/L)	90.3 (105)	89.6 (101)	91.1 (109)	0.932
ApoB (g/L)	0.839 (0.237)	0.832 (0.252)	0.846 (0.224)	0.614
ApoA1 (g/L)	1.27 (0.231)	1.29 (0.232)	1.25 (0.231)	0.203
Globulin (g/L)	27.7 (5.99)	27.2 (6.50)	28.1 (5.45)	0.082
Prealbumin (mg/L)	232 (52.5)	248 (50.5)	217 (50.0)	< 0.001
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)	4.44 (5.19)	4.01 (2.11)	4.84 (6.97)	0.581
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	11.4 (9.78)	11.3 (8.41)	11.5 (11.0)	0.407
TBA (μmol/L)	8.32 (11.8)	5.71 (5.53)	10.8 (15.2)	< 0.001
Cholinesterase (U/L)	9610 (2010)	9750 (1820)	9470 (2170)	< 0.001
INR	0.96 (0.06)	0.95 (0.06)	0.97 (0.06)	< 0.001
B-AST	270 (291)	206 (242)	332 (321)	< 0.001
APRI	1.06 (1.00)	0.899 (1.04)	1.22 (0.940)	< 0.001
M-APRI	2.48 (3.19)	2.03 (3.06)	2.92 (3.27)	0.001
FIB-4	0.34 (0.21)	0.30 (0.18)	0.37 (0.23)	0.027
M-FIB-4	0.74 (0.70)	0.64 (0.46)	0.84 (0.86)	0.007
Forns	-0.55 (1.57)	-0.48 (1.76)	-0.62 (1.37)	0.483
HSI	41.9 (25.1)	44.8 (34.9)	39.2 (7.06)	0.126
NFS	-4.82 (1.21)	-4.93 (1.18)	-4.71 (1.23)	0.179
PNFS	-1.79 (1.84)	-1.93 (1.85)	-1.66 (1.82)	0.112

¹Student’s t test (normal data) and the Kruskal-Wallis test (nonnormal data) were used for the continuous variables, and the χ² test was used for the categorical variables.

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; GGT: Glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HGB: Hemoglobin; INR: International normalized ratio; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PLT: Platelets; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; TBA: Total bile acid; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; UA: Uric acid.

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Citation: Yao MJ, Xing YF, Liu SH, Peng YF, Yang SH, Chen JJ, Zhao JM, Wang H. Construction of a community-based primary screening and hospital-based confirmatory screening pathway in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(28): 108321
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i28/108321.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i28.108321

Yao MJ, Xing YF, Liu SH, Peng YF, Yang SH, Chen JJ, Zhao JM, Wang H. Construction of a community-based primary screening and hospital-based confirmatory screening pathway in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(28): 108321 [PMID: 40741471 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i28.108321]

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