Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14, 2025; 31(26): 106113
Published online Jul 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i26.106113
Figure 4
Figure 4 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway and autophagy. PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; PIP3: Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate; PDK1: 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1; Akt: Protein kinase B; PRAS40: Proline-rich AKT substrate of 40-kDa; TSC: Tuberous sclerosis complex; mTOR: Mammalian target of the rapamycin; S6K1: S6 kinase beta 1; 4EBPS: 4E-binding proteins; ULK: UNC-51-like kinase; ATG: Autophagy-related protein.