Comparison of treatment strategies for submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria at esophagogastric junction or cardia

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients, n (%)

	ESD (n = 15)	STER (n = 10)	LWR (n = 25)	P value
Age, years, median (IQR)	53.0 (40.0-57.5)	43.0 (39.0-57.0)	56.0 (43.0-64.0)	0.347
Sex				0.618
Male	6 (40.0)	6 (60.0)	12 (48.0)
Female	9 (60.0)	4 (40.0)	13 (52.0)
Preoperative symptoms				0.252
None	12 (80.0)	8 (80.0)	24 (96.0)
Abdominal discomfort	2 (13.3)	2 (20.0)	0 (0.0)
Chest discomfort	1 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	1 (4.0)
Location				0.013
EGJ	1 (6.7)	4 (40.0)	1 (4.0)
Cardia, AW side	4 (26.7)	0 (0.0)	5 (20.0)
Cardia, PW side	6 (40.0)	6 (60.0)	17 (68.0)
Cardia, fundal side	4 (26.7)	0 (0.0)	2 (8.0)
Long diameter of tumor, mm, median (IQR)1	18.0 (15.5-23.0)	21.0 (17.0-23.0)	30.0 (25.6-36.0)	< 0.001
Regularity2				0.885
Regular	9 (60.0)	5 (50.0)	14 (56.0)
Irregular	6 (40.0)	5 (50.0)	11 (44.0)
Echogenicity				0.113
Hypoechoic-homogenous	12 (80.0)	8 (80.0)	13 (52.0)
Hypoechoic-heterogeneous	3 (20.0)	2 (20.0)	12 (48.0)
Layer origin3				0.114
Inner muscle layer	15 (100.0)	10 (100.0)	21 (84.0)
Outer muscle layer	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (16.0)
Tumor type
Intraluminal growing type	15 (100.0)	10 (100.0)	25 (100.0)	1.000

¹Long diameter measured by endoscopic ultrasonography.

²Regularity of tumor shape on endoscopic ultrasonography.

³All layers are of muscularis propria origin, categorized as either inner or outer.

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; STER: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection; LWR: Laparoscopic wedge resection; IQR: Interquartile range; EGJ: Esophagogastric junction; AW: Anterior wall; PW: Posterior wall.