Longitudinal computed tomography-based delta-radiomics of visceral adipose tissue predicts infliximab secondary loss of response in Crohn’s disease patients

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis for prediction of secondary loss of response to infliximab in Crohn’s disease patients in the training cohort, n (%)

Variables	Non-SLR (n = 74)	SLR (n = 38)	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
			OR (95CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age (years)	27 (21, 38)	27 (21, 38)	1.004 (0.677-1.489)	0.990
Male gender	61 (82.4)	29 (76.3)	1.456 (0.323-6.573)	0.603
BMI (kg/m2)	19.25 (16.62, 21.10)	18.95 (16.65, 23.02)	0.968 (0.292-3.210)	0.794
Smoking	23 (31.1)	10 (26.3)	1.263 (0.453-3.521)	0.760
Platelet count (× 109 cells/L)	291 (197, 368)	323 (272, 406)	0.997 (0.021-46.938)	0.049	1.005 (1.001-1.008)	0.011
Albumin (g/dL)	35.7 (32.7, 40.3)	34.3 (32.3, 39.7)	1.020 (0.289-3.593)	0.480
ESR (mm/hour)	39.5 (24.0, 74.8)	47.0 (18.3, 75.5)	1.000 (0.972-1.029)	0.703
CRP (mg/dL)	22.1 (6.7, 51.2)	16.1 (5.0, 44.4)	1.006 (0.116-8.735)	0.296
Cr (μmol/L)	69 (61,78)	65 (58, 74)	1.020 (0.078-13.332)	0.167
NLR	4.3 (2.7, 5.7)	4.3 (3.1, 5.8)	1.033 (0.360-2.964)	0.825
CDAI	156.5 (98.5, 242.4)	166.4 (124.8, 233.5)	1.001 (0.590-1.695)	0.890
Montreal location classification			0.786 (0.090-6.874)	0.401
L1 (ileal disease)	29 (39.2)	12 (31.5)
L2 (colonic disease)	8 (10.8)	5 (13.2)
L3 (ileocolonic disease)	37 (50.5)	21 (55.3)
Montreal behaviour classification			0.472 (0.007-32.379)	0.031	2.307 (1.108-4.803)	0.025
B1 (non stricturing, non-penetrating)	36 (48.6)	11 (29.0)
B2 (stricturing)	35 (47.3)	23 (60.5)
B3 (penetrating)	3 (4.1)	4 (10.5)
Pre-IFX treatment
SAT area (cm2/m2)	21.2 (7.5, 33.4)	21.7 (9.2, 33.4)	0.999 (0.873-1.143)	0.98
VAT area (cm2/m2)	6.9 (3.0, 21.6)	9.7 (3.6, 26.9)	0.994 (0.320-3.088)	0.405
SAT volume (cm3/m3)	453.3 (165.2, 761.2)	409.8 (179.3, 745.3)	1.000 (0.840-1.190)	0.815
VAT volume (cm3/m3)	168.5 (75.5, 394.8)	234.1 (97.3, 415.2)	0.999 (0.210-4.761)	0.424
VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)	17 (57.0)	11 (28.9)	1.366 (0.353-5.282)	0.491
VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)	8 (10.8)	11 (28.9)	3.361 (0.034-330.690)	0.016	3.977 (1.320-11.980)	0.014
Post-IFX treatment
SAT area (cm2/m2)	26.4 (14.3, 39.8)	20.2 (12.9, 39.3)	1.007 (0.272-3.731)	0.386
VAT area (cm2/m2)	11.8 (6.1, 28.6)	11.1 (6.2, 23.0)	1.009 (0.222-4.577)	0.681
SAT volume (cm3/m3)	481.9 (289.0, 782.3)	408.1 (271.2, 836.1)	1.000 (0.226-4.427)	0.435
VAT volume (cm3/m3)	319.2 (187.9, 624.6)	434.9 (170.6, 612.7)	1.000 (0.544-1.838)	0.975
VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)	18 (24.3)	7 (18.4)	0.703 (0.175-2.815)	0.479
VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)	6 (8.1)	6 (15.8)	2.125 (0.193-23.398)	0.215

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range), (SD) or number (percentage). IFX: Infliximab; SLR: Secondary loss of response; BMI: Body mass index; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; Cr: Creatinine; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; CDAI: Crohn’s disease activity index; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue; OR: Odds ratio.