Development and validation of a radiomics-based prediction model for variceal bleeding in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome-related gastroesophageal varices

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome and gastroesophageal varices

Variables	Univariate cox regression		Multivariate cox regression
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age	0.994 (0.968-1.020)	0.646
Sex	3.621 (1.686-7.777)	0.001
Hepatic encephalopathy	0.712 (0.098-5.166)	0.737
Diabetes	0.535 (0.130-2.209)	0.388
Portal vein thrombosis	3.329 (1.486-7.460)	0.003
IVC or HV thrombosis	0.696 (0.295-1.645)	0.409
Invasive treatment to relieve hepatic venous outflow obstruction	0.127 (0.070-0.230)	< 0.001	0.123 (0.048-0.318)	<0.001
Use of anticoagulant medication	3.408 (1.056-10.994)	0.040	8.905 (2.296-34.534)	0.002
Ascites	1.798 (1.001-3.229)	0.050
Portal vein diameter (mm)	1.003 (0.915-1.099)	0.953
Spleen thickness (mm)	1.041 (1.015-1.068)	0.002
White blood cell (× 109/L)	1.071 (0.946-1.221)	0.271
Red blood cell (× 1012/L)	0.563 (0.388-0.818)	0.003
Hemoglobin (g/L)	0.976 (0.965-0.986)	< 0.001	0.974 (0.955-0.994)	0.012
Platelet (× 109/L)	0.988 (0.979-0.997)	0.006
Sodium (mmol/L)	0.828 (0.773-0.887)	< 0.001
Creatinine (µmol/L)	1.025 (1.014-1.037)	< 0.001
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	1.009 (1.001-1.017)	0.020
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L)	1.000 (0.998-1.002)	0.864
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	1.004 (1.002-1.007)	0.002
Albumin	0.899 (0.861-0.939)	< 0.001
Direct bilirubin	1.012 (1.007-1.016)	< 0.001
Prothrombin time	1.080 (1.047-1.113)	< 0.001
BCS type		0.081
Mixed type vs HV type	0.501 (0.265-0.945)	0.033
IVC type vs HV type	0.450 (0.149-1.355)	0.156
Child		< 0.001
B vs A	1.408 (0.706-2.808)	0.311
C vs A	14.353 (6.881-29.937)	< 0.001

HR: Hazard ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; BCS: Budd-Chiari syndrome; IVC: Inferior vena cava; HV: Hepatic veins; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.