Autoimmune pancreatitis: Cornerstones and future perspectives

Table 2 Main radiological features of autoimmune pancreatitis

CT scan	Diffuse or focal sausage-like swelling
	Cut-tail sign
	Homogeneous reduced enhancement with dotted contrast enhancements of normal parenchyma
	Hypo-enhanced capsule-like rim with delayed enhancement
	Thickened hyperdense MPD walls
MRI	Diffuse or focal lower intensity signal on T1-weighted MRI images, with an even more hypointense capsule-rim
	Moderately higher intensity signal on T2-weighted images, still with a low-intensity fibrotic rim
	DWI homogeneously hyperintensity
MRCP	Multiple and long MPD skip narrowings
	No upstream dilatation
	Side PD branches (icicle sign)
	Duct-penetrating sign, in case of mass-forming AIP
18F-FDG PET-CT	Diffused or focal increased uptake
EUS	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, with echopoor echotexture, loss of interface with the splenic vein, concomitant intraparenchymal hyperechoic foci and strands
	Hyperechoic MPD walls
	Solitary, irregular, hypoechoic mass, in case of mass-forming AIP, generally in the head of the pancreas, without upstream dilatation of the MPD
Elastography	Magnified parenchymal stiffness

AIP: Autoimmune pancreatitis; CT: Computed tomography; MPD: Main pancreatic duct; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; FDG: Fluorodeoxyglucose; PET: Positron emission tomography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound.