Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for acute esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with band ligation: A large observational study

Table 3 Patient characteristics, missing data, and comparison of standardized mean differences, n (%)

	Before Imputation and IPTW				After imputation and IPTW
	Prophylactic groups	Non-prophylactic groups	Missing (%)	SMD	SMD
Variables	n = 232	n = 558
Age, yr			0	0.18	0.01
< 65	143 (61.6)	322 (57.7)
65-74	46 (19.8)	144 (25.8)
75-84	39 (16.8)	75 (13.4)
≥ 85	4 (1.7)	17 (3.0)
Sex, male (%)	181 (78.0)	417 (74.7)	0	0.08	< 0.01
Barthel index (%)			17.3	0.10	< 0.01
100 (full activity)	83 (40.5)	186 (41.5)
1-99	63 (30.7)	152 (33.9)
0 (worst disability)	59(28.8)	110 (24.6)
Child-Pugh score, median (IQR)	8 (7-10)	8 (7-10)	12.9	0.05	0.03
Child-Pugh classification (%)			10.1	0.06	0.02
A	42 (19.4)	93 (18.8)
B	110 (50.9)	266 (53.7)
C	64 (29.6)	136 (27.5)
Presence of ascites	67 (31.0)	171 (34.5)
Comorbidities
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR)	4 (4-5)	4 (4-5)	0	< 0.01	0.01
Maintenance hemodialysis	3 (1.3)	8 (1.4)	0	0.01	< 0.01
Hepatic cancer	38 (16.4)	112 (20.1)	0	0.10	< 0.01
Malignant tumor history	29 (12.5)	65 (11.6)	0	0.03	< 0.01
Alcohol-related disease	127 (54.7)	246 (44.1)	0	0.21	< 0.01
Past varix rupture history	63 (27.2)	127 (22.8)	0	0.10	< 0.01
Medications
Antiplatelet use	3 (1.3)	8 (1.4)	0	0.01	< 0.01
Anticoagulant use	5 (2.2)	8 (1.4)	0	0.05	< 0.01
NSAIDs use	5 (2.2)	13 (2.3)	0	0.01	< 0.01
Corticosteroid use	0 (0)	2 (0.4)	0	0.09	< 0.01
Acid blocker use	214 (91.8)	486 (87.1)	0	0.15	< 0.01
β blocker use	26 (11.2)	26 (4.7)	0	0.24	< 0.01
Laboratory data
Total bilirubin, mg/dL, median (IQR)	1.6 (1-2.9)	1.4 (0.9-2.4)	3.2	0.13	0.02
Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L, median (IQR)	54.5 (32.2-94.8)	47 (31-83)	2.2	0.09	0.01
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L, median (IQR)	30.5 (20-47)	27 (19-42)	2.2	0.08	< 0.01
Albumin			4.6	0.11	0.02
> 3.5 g/dL	37 (16.5)	72 (13.6)
2.8–3.5 g/dL	97 (43.3)	256 (48.3)
< 2.8 g/dL	90 (40)	202 (38.1)
White blood cell, /μL, median (IQR)	7720 (5900-10700)	7300 (5200-10400)	1.8	0.15	0.01
Hemoglobin, g/dL, median (IQR)	9 (7.3-10.5)	8.5 (6.9-10.2)	1.8	0.12	< 0.01
Platelet, 103/μL, median (IQR)	99 (72-139)	103 (75-144)	1.8	< 0.01	0.02
C-reactive protein, mg/dL, median (IQR)	0.3 (0.1-0.7)	0.3 (0.1-0.8)	4.7	0.03	0.04
Prothrombin time			5.9	0.02	< 0.01
> 70%	48 (21.5)	113 (21.7)
40%-70%	138 (61.9)	324 (62.3)
< 40%	37 (16.6)	83 (16.0)
Activated partial thromboplastin time			11.4	0.08	0.01
≤ 40 s	185 (87.3)	436 (89.3)
40-60 s	23 (10.8)	47 (9.6)
> 60 s	4 (1.9)	5 (1.0)
eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2	19 (8.3)	40 (7.3)	1.9	0.03	< 0.01
Shock index > 1	94 (41.4)	197 (36.5)	3	0.10	< 0.01
Vasopressor use	7 (3.0)	19 (3.4)	0	0.02	< 0.01
RBC transfusion, Unit, median (IQR)	4 (0-4)	2.5 (0-4)	0	0.09	< 0.01

IPTW: Inverse probability of treatment weighting; SMD: Standardized mean difference; IQR: Interquartile range; eGFR: Glomerular filtration rate; RBC: Red blood cell.