Taurine attenuates activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting autophagy and inducing ferroptosis

Figure 3 Taurine induces ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells. A: Effect of taurine on expression of ferroptosis-related molecules; B: Effect of taurine on levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde; C: Effect of taurine on reactive oxygen species; D: Effect of taurine on mitochondrial structure of hepatic stellate cells. Red arrows indicate mitochondria. Bar = 1 μm; E: Taurine induces iron deposition in hepatic stellate cell. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^cP < 0.05 vs platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), ^dP < 0.01 vs PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB; GSH: Glutathione; MDA: Malondialdehyde.