Growth differentiation factor-15 serum concentrations reflect disease severity and anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the studied population

Parameter	Control group (n = 67)	IBD group (n = 90)	P value1
Age, yr	38.5 ± 12.3	41.2 ± 15.8	0.195
Male sex, n (%)	43 (64.2)	53 (58.9)	0.503
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.7 ± 2.8	23.8 ± 4.2	0.070
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.91 ± 0.36	0.87 ± 0.08	0.368
Hypertension, n (%)	1 (1.5)	6 (6.7)	0.122
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	2 (3.0)	7 (7.8)	0.203
Family history of IBD, n (%)	3 (4.5)	16 (17.8)	0.012
Family history of CRC, n (%)	9 (13.4)	17 (18.9)	0.365
Family history of CVD, n (%)	31 (46.3)	29 (32.2)	0.074
Smoking, n (%)	12 (18.5)	17 (18.9)	0.947
C-reactive protein, mg/L	0.7 (0.4-1.6)	1.6 (0.7-3.8)	< 0.001
Serum iron, μmol/L	18.1 ± 6.7	15.2 ± 7.8	0.009
Albumins, g/L	43.9 ± 2.5	40.4 ± 4.9	< 0.001
Serum urate levels, mmol/L	296.1 ± 76.0	275.5 ± 70.9	0.064
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L	5.1 ± 0.7	5.2 ± 1.6	0.691
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.2 ± 1.2	4.7 ± 1.3	0.008
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.3 ± 1.1	2.7 ± 1.1	< 0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.4 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.4	0.409
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.2 ± 0.6	1.4 ± 1.1	0.158

¹Welch’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or chi squared test, as appropriate.

Data presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or n (%). CRC: Colorectal carcinoma; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.