Current remarks and future directions on the interactions between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and COVID-19

Figure 1 Interplay between coronavirus disease 2019 and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) can increase the susceptibility and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Conversely, COVID-19 can promote the progression of preexisting MAFLD. MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; TMPRSS2: Trans-membrane protease serine 2; SIRS: Systematic inflammatory response syndrome; HIFs: Hypoxia-induced factors; DILI: Drug-induced liver injury; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.