Functional constipation in children: What physicians should know

Figure 9 Investigations for organic constipation. A: Transition zone after barium enema in a child diagnosed with Hirschsprung’s disease; B: Histopathology revealing no ganglion cells in the nerve plexuses (myenteric plexus) of the muscular propria layer. Arrow shows thick nerve trunk but without ganglion cells; C: Anorectal manometry showing rectoanal inhibitory reflex. A-C: Citation: Palittiya Sintusek. Pediatric lower gastrointestinal motility disorders. In: Werawatganon D, editor. Practical Neurogastroenterology and motility: Basic, testing, and treatment. Bangkok: Printable Inc, 2021: 417. Copyright ©The Authors 2021. Published by Thai Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society. The authors have obtained the permission for figure using from Thai Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society (Supplementary material).