Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 6 Univariate and multivariate analysis of knowledge

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Gender
Male	1.09 (0.62-1.92)	0.751
Female	Ref
Age
≤ 20	Ref		Ref
20-30	2.80 (1.10-7.09)	0.030	3.01 (0.97-9.38)	0.057
30-40	2.17 (0.84-5.63)	0.111	4.06 (1.04-15.82)	0.043
> 40	0.76 (0.33-1.75)
Ethnicity
Han	3.83 (1.13-12.94)	0.031	3.70 (0.80-16.97)	0.093
Minorities	Ref		Ref
Residence
Rural	Ref		Ref
City	3.08 (1.56-6.07)	0.001	1.69 (0.74-3.84)	0.213
Suburb/urban-rural combination	1.95 (0.97-3.90)	0.060	1.33 (0.58-3.03)	0.496
Education
Primary school and below	Ref
Middle school	2.99 (1.15-7.76)	0.025	3.98 (1.29-12.33)	0.017
High school/technical secondary school	11.80 (4.20-33.17)	< 0.001	14.06 (3.92-50.38)	< 0.001
Junior college/bachelor’s degree and above	20.70 (7.75-55.28)	< 0.001	15.20 (4.15-55.65)	< 0.001
Work status
Employed	4.07 (2.23-7.41)	< 0.001	1.34 (0.63-2.85)	0.444
Other	Ref		Ref
Monthly per capita income
< 5000	Ref		Ref
5000-10000	3.94 (1.84-8.43)	< 0.001	2.04 (0.81-5.18)	0.133
> 10000	2.46 (1.17-5.18)	0.018	0.90 (0.34-2.36)	0.823
Marital status
Unmarried or other	Ref		Ref
Married	0.61 (0.35-1.07)	0.083	0.85 (0.33-2.16)	0.734
Smoking habit
No (no smoking)	Ref
Yes (smoking or used to smoke)	0.60 (0.33-1.12)	0.10
Drinking habit
No (no drinking)	Ref
Yes (drinking or used to drink)	0.85 (0.49-1.50)	0.584
What kind of IBD is being diagnosed
Ulcerative colitis	0.50 (0.29-0.85)	0.011	0.57 (0.28-1.18)	0.132
Crohn’s disease	Ref		Ref
Duration of IBD
< 1 yr	1.14 (0.54-2.39)	0.729
1-2 yr	0.98 (0.39-2.45)	0.964
> 2 yr	Ref
Ostomy?
Yes	0.51 (0.21-1.23)	0.135
No	Ref
Comorbidities
Yes	0.62 (0.32-1.19)	0.149
None	Ref
Family history of IBD
Yes	1.86 (0.23-15.16)	0.560
No	Ref
Surgical history
Yes	1.15 (0.67-1.97)	0.613
No	Ref
History of drug allergy
Yes	1.40 (0.60-3.29)	0.433
No	Ref
What kind of treatment is being received?
5-aminosalicylic acid drugs (e.g., mesalazine)	Ref
Glucocorticoids	-	-
Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, etc.)	0.46 (0.07-2.99)	0.418
Biological agents (e.g., infliximab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab)	2.11 (0.77-5.80)	0.148
Biological agents + immunosuppressants	1.69 (0.34-8.40)	0.520
Biological agents + 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs	-	-

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.