Trends in gastrointestinal disease hospitalizations and outcomes during the first year of the coronavirus pandemic

Table 4 Trends in discharges, mortality rate, and endoscopy utilization for gastrointestinal emergencies discharges in California, 2018-2020, n (%)

	2018	2019	2020	Relative change	P for trend
ANVH (upper endoscopy)
Total number of discharges	15310 (0.5)	15942 (0.5)	13622 (0.5)	-11.0%	0.121
Total hospital stays (in thousands) days	65.0	69.2	60.2	-7.4%	0.002
Mortality	321 (2.1)	335 (2.1)	346 (2.5)	7.8%	0.012
Procedure within 24 h	5005 (32.7)	5185 (32.5)	4132 (30.3)	-17.4%	< 0.001
AVH (upper endoscopy)
Total number of discharges	867 (0.0)	744 (0.0)	690 (0.0)	-20.4%	0.007
Total hospital stays (in thousands) days	3.6	3.2	2.8	-22.2%	0.697
Mortality	26 (3.0)	22 (3.0)	26 (3.8)	0.0%	0.414
Procedure within 24 h	348 (40.1)	327 (44.0)	283 (41.0)	-18.7%	0.653
LGIB (lower endoscopy)
Total number of discharges	5524 (0.2)	5722 (0.2)	4973 (0.2)	-10.0%	0.724
Total hospital stays (in thousands) days	21.7	22.1	19.9	-8.3%	0.436
Mortality	29 (0.5)	35 (0.6)	17 (0.3)	-41.4%	0.201
Procedure within 24 h	859 (15.6)	975 (17.0)	793 (15.9)	-7.7%	0.534
Acute cholangitis (ERCP)
Total number of discharges	1038 (0.0)	962 (0.0)	882 (0.0)	-15.0%	0.137
Total hospital stays (in thousands) days	4.3	4.4	3.7	-14.0%	0.505
Mortality	6 (0.6)	4 (0.4)	5 (0.6)	-16.7%	0.952
Procedure within 24 h	268 (25.8)	260 (27.0)	220 (24.9)	-17.9%	0.695
Food impaction (EGD/upper endoscopy)
Total number of discharges	127 (0.0)	143 (0.0)	118 (0.0)	-7.1%	0.834
Total hospital stays (in thousands) days	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0%	0.849
Mortality	4 (3.1)	3 (2.1)	0 (0.0)	-100.0%	0.086
Procedure within 24 h	73 (57.5)	70 (49.0)	60 (50.8)	-17.8%	0.289
Foreign body (EGD)
Total number of discharges	21 (0.0)	17 (0.0)	20 (0.0)	-4.8%	0.891
Mortality	1 (4.8)	2 (11.8)	0 (0.0)	-100.0%	0.512
Procedure within 24 h	7 (33.3)	7 (41.2)	12 (60.0)	71.4%	0.091
SBP-paracentesis
Total number of discharges	3254 (0.1)	3486 (0.1)	3344 (0.1)	2.8%	< 0.001
Total hospital stays (in thousands) days	32.4	35.3	33.8	4.3%	0.594
Mortality	621 (19.1)	631 (18.1)	592 (17.7)	-4.7%	0.147
Procedure within 24 h	928 (28.5)	1044 (30.0)	1022 (30.6)	10.1%	0.065

ANVH: Acute nonvariceal hemorrhage; AVH: Acute viral hepatitis; LGIB: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde chol-angiopancreatography; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.