Scoping review on health-related physical fitness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Assessment, interventions, and future directions

Table 1 Overview of methods used to assess health-related physical fitness components in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Health-related physical fitness component	Gold standard or practical field test	Assessment method	Outcome	Number of studies
Cardiorespiratory fitness	Gold standard test	CPET on a cycle ergometer	VO2max/VO2peak	7[28,43-45,57,59,61]
			WRpeak	1[71]
	Practical field test	Incremental cycle ergometer test	Submaximal heart rate	2[42,72]
			WRpeak	1[73]
		6-min walk test	Distance	2[28,53]
			Speed	1[74]
		Incremental shuttle walk test	Distance	2[75,76]
		CAFT step test	Estimated VO2max	1[60]
		Bruce treadmill stress test	Duration of exercise and heart rate recovery index	1[77]
		Rockport 1-mile walk test	Estimated VO2max	1[56]
		Duke activity status index	Points	1[78]
Muscular strength	Gold standard test	Isometric dynamometry	Peak torque	7[30,42,46-49,72]
		Isokinetic dynamometry	Peak torque	5[28,50-52,79]
	Practical field test	Handgrip strength	Peak torque	31[42,49,51,55,58,72,74-76,80-101]
		Jumping mechanography	Pmax, Fmax, jump height	4[99,102-104]
		Finger pinching strength	Peak torque	2[42,72]
		Isometric leg-press strength	Peak torque	1[98]
		Isometric HHD	Peak torque	1[58]
		Respiratory muscle strength	MIP, MEP	1[76]
			Peak expiratory flow	1[93]
Muscular endurance	Gold standard test	Isometric dynamometry	Slope of median muscle activation frequency	1[48]
			Decrement in peak torque	1[30]
	Practical field test	Handgrip endurance	Decrement in peak torque	2[86,87]
			Mean peak torque	1[98]
		Chair-stand test/sit-to-stand test	Repetitions	1[51]
			Time	4[49,51,55,74,98]
		3-meter walk test	Speed	1[55]
		Leg-press endurance	Mean force	1[98]
		Arm-curl test	Repetitions	1[51]
		Sit-ups	Repetitions	1[54]
		Back extensions	Repetitions	1[54]
		Push-ups	Repetitions	1[54]
		Squats	Repetitions	1[54]
		Plank position	Time	1[54]
Flexibility		N/A	N/A	0

CAFT: Canadian aerobic fitness test; CPET: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing; F_max: Maximum force; HHD: Hand-held dynamometry; MEP: Maximal expiratory pressure; MIP: Maximal inspiratory pressure; N/A: Not available; P_max: Maximum power; VO₂max: Maximal oxygen uptake; VO₂peak: Oxygen uptake at peak exercise; WRpeak: Work rate at peak exercise.