Dysregulated microRNAs as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 10 Functions of hepatitis B virus-dysregulated microRNAs in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma

miRNA	HBV protein	Expression	Target genes	Abnormal function in HBV-HCC	Ref.
miR-7	HBV, HBx	Up	Mapsin	Conferring HBx-mediated anoikis resistance and doxorubicin resistance	[213]
miR-15a/16	HBV mRNA	Down	-	Inducing etoposide-induced apoptosis	[173]
miR-21	HBV, HBx	Up	Mapsin	Conferring HBx-mediated anoikis resistance and doxorubicin resistance	[213]
miR-23a	HBV	Down	CCL22	Inhibiting Tregs recruitment	[103]
miR-30b-5p	HBp	Up	MINPP1	Promoting tumor growth, enhancing cell proliferation, promoting cell migration and invasion, regulating glycolytic bypass metabolism	[119]
miR-34a	HBV	Down	CCL22	Inhibiting Tregs recruitment	[209]
miR-103	HBV, HBx	Up	Mapsin	Conferring HBx-mediated anoikis resistance and doxorubicin resistance	[213]
miR-107	HBV, HBx	Up	Mapsin	Conferring HBx-mediated anoikis resistance and doxorubicin resistance	[213]
miR-124	HBx	Down	PI3K/Akt	Suppressing CSC differentiation	[157]
miR-135a-5p	HBc	Up	VAMP2	Preventing Doxorubicin hydrochloride-induced apoptosis	[212]
miR-138	HBV	Down	PD-1	Regulating cytokine secretion of T cells and improving T-cell immune responses	[208]
miR-146a	HBV	Up	STAT1	Suppressing IFN-induced anti-HBV effect	[187]
miR-152	HBV	Down	HLA-G	Enhanced NK cytolysis against hepatoma cells	[210]
miR-193b	HBV	Down	Mcl-1	Sensitizing sorafenib-induced apoptosis	[57]
miR-200a/200b/429	HBx	Down	RICTOR	Impairing HCC stem cell properties, regulating glutamine metabolism, sensitizing the response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy	[165,166]
miR-203a	HBs	Down	BMI1	Sensitizing 5-FU-induced apoptosis, impairing HCC stem cell properties	[58]
miR-205	HBx	Down	ACSL1	May promote lipogenesis	[141] [206]
miR-325-3p	HBV	Down	DPAGT1	Sensitizing the response to Doxorubicin chemotherapy	[201,202]
miR-329	HBV, HBx	Down	AFP	Sensitizing chemotherapy induced apoptosis	[214]
miR-384	HBV, HBx	Down	PTN/PI3K/AKT/mTORC1	Inhibiting high glucose-induced lipogenesis	[61]
miR-429	HBx	Down	Rab18	Inhibiting dysregulation of lipogenesis	[205]
miR-1236	HBV, HBx	Down	AFP	Sensitizing chemotherapy induced apoptosis	[214]
miR-3682-3p	HBx	Up	FOXO3/PI3K/AKT1/β-catenin/c-Myc	Promoting HCC stemness	[66]
miR-5188	HBx	Up	FOXO1/β-catenin	Resisting the effects of chemotherapy 5-FU, CDDP and EPI, promoting HCC stemness	[67]

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBx: Hepatitis B virus x protein; HBp: Hepatitis B virus polymerase protein; HBc: Hepatitis B virus core antigen; HBs: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; miRNAs: MicroRNAs.