Magnetic resonance imaging-based deep learning model to predict multiple firings in double-stapled colorectal anastomosis

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients in the training set

Number of linear stapler cartridges	≥ 3	≤ 2	P value
	n = 48 (18.5%)	n = 212 (81.5%)
Sex, n (%)			0.125
Male	38 (79.2)	144 (67.9)
Female	10 (20.8)	68 (32.1)
Age (y), median (quartile)	62 (55-71)	63 (55-68)	0.749
BMI (Kg/m2), median (quartile)	23.5 (21.1-25.3)	22.9 (21.3-25.1)	0.942
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)			0.801
Yes	7 (14.6)	28 (13.2)
No	41 (85.4)	184 (86.8)
Hemoglobin (g/L), median (quartile)	136 (124-143)	133 (124-144)	0.540
Albumin (g/L), median (quartile)	39 (36-41)	40 (37-42)	0.015
CEA (ng/mL), median (quartile)	4.27 (2.11-7.08)	3.05 (2.11-5.61)	0.147
nCRT, n (%)			0.865
Yes	13 (27.1)	60 (28.3)
No	35 (72.9)	152 (71.7)
Distance from anus (cm), median (quartile)	7.2 (5.9-8.4)	7.0 (5.6-8.7)	0.842
CRM evaluated by MRI, n (%)			0.103
Positive	16 (33.3)	47 (22.2)
Negative	32 (66.7)	165 (77.8)
Operation time (min), median (quartile)	139 (111-180)	143 (116-175)	0.526
Length of cartridges used, n (%)			0.113
Only 60 mm	42 (87.5)	200 (94.3)
45 mm ± 60 mm	6 (12.5)	12 (5.7)
Anastomotic leakage, n (%)			0.018
Yes	12 (25.0)	25 (11.8)
No	36 (75.0)	187 (88.2)
Tumor size (cm), median (quartile)	3.7 (3.1-5.1)	3.5 (2.9-4.2)	0.091
T stage, n (%)			0.213
T ≤ 2	11 (22.9)	68 (32.1)
T 3-4	37 (77.1)	144 (67.9)
N stage, n (%)			0.879
N0	25 (52.1)	113 (53.3)
N+	23 (47.9)	99 (46.7)
DRM, n (%)			0.395
≤ 5 mm	4 (8.3)	27 (12.7)
> 5 mm	44 (91.7)	185 (87.3)

BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoma embryonic antigen; nCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; CRM: Circumferential resection margin; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; DRM: Distal resection margin.