γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor: A potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 High glucose induces upregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor in cholangiocarcinoma. A-C: The expression of γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor (GABBR2) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines, KKU-055 and KKU-213A, is dose-dependently upregulated by glucose at both RNA (A) and protein (B-C) levels; D and E: Immunocytofluorescence shows the membranous and cytoplasmic localizations of GABBR2 in CCA cells, and those cultured in high glucose show significantly higher mean fluorescent intensities; F-G: GABBR2 in tumor tissues from CCA patients with hyperglycemia is also upregulated compared with those from patients without diabetes mellitus. Presented data are the average of three biological replications with triplicated experiments. NG: Normal glucose; HG: High glucose; Glc: Glucose; DM: Diabetes mellitus; GABBR2: γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.