Liver histopathological lesions is severe in patients with normal alanine transaminase and low to moderate hepatitis B virus DNA replication

Table 3 Predictors of significant liver histology in 634 patients with chronic hepatitis B and alanine transaminase < upper limit of normal detected using a step-forward binary logistic regression model

Variables		Regression coefficient	Standard error	Wald’s value	P value	OR	OR 95%CI
							Upper limit	Lower limit
< A2 vs ≥ A2	Age	-0.039	0.014	7.853	0.005	0.962	0.936	0.988
	GGT	0.015	0.006	5.970	0.015	1.015	1.003	1.027
	HBV DNA	-0.147	0.064	5.306	0.021	0.863	0.761	0.978
	LIF-5	9.616	1.152	69.727	0.000	15002.994	1570.174	143353.477
	Constant	-3.643	0.685	28.240	0.000	0.026
Eliminate diagnostic models	HBV DNA	-0.161	0.063	6.429	0.011	0.851	0.752	0.964
< F2 vs ≥ F2	GGT	0.016	0.006	5.968	0.015	1.016	1.003	1.029
	HBV DNA	-0.229	0.061	14.251	0.000	0.796	0.707	0.896
	APRI	2.747	0.921	8.890	0.003	15.593	2.563	94.859
	LIF-5	4.759	1.285	13.708	0.000	116.591	9.390	1447.723
	Constant	-3.392	0.577	34.608	0.000	0.034
Eliminate diagnostic models	HBV DNA	-0.247	0.061	16.523	0.000	0.781	0.693	0.880
< A2 and < F2 vs ≥ A2 or/and ≥ F2	HBV DNA	-0.199	0.055	13.233	0.000	0.820	0.737	0.913
	APRI	3.124	0.888	12.393	0.000	22.747	3.995	129.530
	LIF-5	4.733	1.182	16.038	0.000	113.618	11.207	1151.897
	Constant	-2.903	0.522	30.931	0.000	0.055
Eliminate diagnostic models	HBV DNA	-0.221	0.056	15.782	0.000	0.801	0.718	0.894

A: Liver inflammatory activity; APRI: Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index, APRI = [(AST/ULN)/platelet counts (10⁹/L)] × 100[16]; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; F: Fibrosis; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LIF-5: Liver inflammation and fibrosis-5, LIF-5 = 0.725 + 0.005 × age (year) + 0.003 × ALT (U/L) + 0.004 × AST (U/L) - 0.201 × (A/G) - 0.002 × PLT (10⁹/L)[18]; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.