Radiological findings in non-surgical recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: From locoregional treatments to immunotherapy

Figure 4 Multiphasic computed tomography study for assessment of treatment response (after sorafenib). A-D: A 66-year-old female underwent conventional medical therapy (sorafenib) for an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesion. Computed tomography images represented the complete response to the medical therapy, with no areas or nodular lesions suspected for HCC; E-H: During the follow-up, 2 years after completion of therapy, a nodular hypoattenuating lesion in the unenhanced phase (E) appeared in the VII hepatic segment. This lesion had similar features of primary HCC, with non-rim hyperenhancement during the arterial phase (F), wash-out during the portal venous phase (G) and delayed phase (H). This is an example of HCC recurrence after sorafenib.