Current status and future perspectives of radiomics in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 3 Summary of the studies that assessed radiomics to predict recurrence and treatment response in patient with hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgery, liver transplantation or locoregional treatment

Ref.	Country	n	Imaging modality	Endpoint	Treatment type	Segmentation	ROI/VOI	No. of readers	Main results	Validation
Hui et al[100], 2018	Singapore	50	MRI	Recurrence	Hepatic resection	Manual, intratumoral	ROI	3	AUC: 0.78-0.84	None
Kim et al[65], 2019	South Korea	Training: 128. Validation: 39	MRI	Recurrence	Hepatic resection	Semiautomatic, intra- and peritumoral	VOI	2	C-index: 0.716	Internal
Zhao et al[101], 2021	China	Training: 78. Validation: 35	MRI	Recurrence	Hepatic resection	Manual, intratumoral	VOI	2	AUC: 0.83 (training), 0.77 (validation)	Internal
Zhou et al[68], 2017	China	215	CT	Recurrence	Hepatic resection	Manual, intratumoral	ROI	2	AUC: 0.84 (combined model)	None
Ji et al[64], 2020	China	Internal: 177. External: 118	CT	Recurrence	Hepatic resection	Manual, intratumoral	VOI	1	AUC: 0.77 (internal), 0.78 (external)	External
Guo et al[69], 2019	China	Training: 93. Validation: 40	CT	Recurrence	Liver transplant	Semiautomatic, intratumoral	ROI	1	AUC: 0.79 (training), 0.79 (validation)	Internal
Shan et al[66], 2019	China	Training: 109. Validation: 47	CT	Recurrence	Hepatic resection or ablation	Manual, intra- and peritumoral	ROI	2	AUC: 0.80 (training), 0.79 (validation)	Internal
Zheng et al[79], 2018	China	Training: 212. Validation: 107	CT	Recurrence and survival	Hepatic resection	Manual, intratumoral	ROI	2	AUC: 0.64 (training), 0.59 (validation)	Internal
Song et al[67], 2020	China	Training: 110. Validation: 74	MRI	Recurrence	TACE	Semiautomatic, intra- and peritumoral	VOI	2	C-index: 0.82	Internal
Lv et al[71], 2021	China	Training: 40. Validation: 18	MRI	Recurrence	RFA	Semiautomatic, intratumoral	VOI	2	AUC: 0.94 (training), 0.82 (validation)	Internal
Sun et al[70], 2020	China	Training: 67. Validation: 17	MRI	Recurrence	TACE	Manual (intratumoral)	VOI	2	AUC: 0.71-0.79	Internal
Cai et al[75], 2019	China	Training: 80. Validation: 32	CT	Liver failure	Hepatic resection	Semiautomatic, intratumoral	ROI	2	AUC: 0.82 (training), 0.76 (validation)	Internal
Zhu et al[76], 2020	China	101	MRI	Liver failure	Hepatic resection	Manual, entire liver	ROI	2	AUC: 0.81-0.89	None
Ivanics et al[73], 2021	Canada	88	CT	Treatment response	TACE	Manual, intratumoral	VOI	1	AUC: 0.70-0.87	None
Kong et al[72], 2021	China	Training: 69. Validation: 30	MRI	Treatment response	TACE	Manual, intratumoral	VOI	2	AUC: 0.81 (training), 0.87 (validation)	Internal
Chen et al[63], 2021	China	Training: 355. Internal: 118. External: 122	CT	Treatment response	TACE	Semiautomatic, intra- and peritumoral	ROI	2	AUC: 0.94 (internal), 0.90 (external)	Internal and external
Horvat et al[74], 2021	Brazil	34	MRI	Treatment response	RFA	Manual, intratumoral	VOI	1	AUC: 0.76	None

AUC: Area under the curve; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; ROI: Region of interest; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; VOI: Volume of interest.