Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for undifferentiated intramucosal gastric cancer regardless of size

Table 3 Incidence and characteristics of recurrent tumors after initial treatment (endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgery)

Variables	ESD (n = 119)	Surgery (n = 119)	P value
Recurrence, n (%)	7 (5.9)	2 (1.7)	0.171
Local recurrence	4 (3.4)	N/A
Adenoma	0 (0.0)	N/A
Cancer	4 (3.4)	N/A
Differentiated	3 (2.5)	N/A
Undifferentiated	1 (0.8)	N/A
Synchronous lesion	0 (0.0)	1 (0.8)
Adenoma	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Cancer	0 (0.0)	1 (0.8)
Differentiated	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Undifferentiated	0 (0.0)	1 (0.8)
Metachronous lesion	3 (2.5)	0 (0.0)
Adenoma	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)
Cancer	2 (1.7)	0 (0.0)
Differentiated	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)
Undifferentiated	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)
Distant metastasis	0 (0.0)	1 (0.8)

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; N/A: Not applicable.