Differential analysis of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

Table 3 Differential metabolites of gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-colitis mice

VIP	P value	log2 (FC)	Metabolites	Expression
1.760	0.011	2.207	Digalacturonic acid	↓
2.128	0.017	3.470	D-maltose	↓
1.747	0.017	1.927	Lactitol	↓
1.898	0.000	-2.342	D-tagatose	↑
2.323	0.000	-3.519	O-phosphoserine	↑
1.111	0.000	-0.845	5-methoxytryptamine	↑
1.659	0.000	-1.867	Spermine	↑
2.493	0.000	-4.048	Ribonic acid	↑
1.726	0.001	-1.952	Creatinine	↑
2.983	0.001	-5.714	Pinitol	↑
1.716	0.001	-2.032	Sarcosine	↑
1.327	0.002	-1.259	3-hydroxybutyric acid	↑
1.593	0.002	-1.715	Phenol	↑
2.771	0.002	-5.062	Ascorbic acid	↑
2.181	0.003	-3.167	Montanic acid	↑
1.985	0.003	-2.701	L-tryptophan	↑
1.857	0.003	-2.522	2,3-dihydroxypyridine	↑
3.490	0.003	-5.993	Putrescine	↑
1.090	0.004	-0.853	Shikimic acid	↑
1.303	0.004	-1.191	Malonic acid	↑
1.539	0.004	-1.639	L-lactic acid	↑
1.010	0.004	-0.779	L-threonine	↑
1.549	0.005	-1.665	Xanthosine	↑
1.277	0.007	-1.301	hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxy-3'4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid	↑
1.297	0.007	-1.238	Leucine	↑
1.113	0.008	-0.947	7-hydroxynicotinic acid	↑
1.766	0.008	-2.298	3,6-anhydro-d-galactose	↑
2.103	0.009	-3.424	3-deoxyhexitol	↑
1.162	0.011	-1.079	Thymidine	↑
1.259	0.013	-1.171	4-aminobutyric acid	↑
1.118	0.015	-1.076	Aminomalonate	↑
2.490	0.016	-4.348	Maltitol	↑
2.607	0.016	-4.806	Butane-2,3-diol	↑
1.388	0.018	-1.622	(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propionic acid	↑
1.138	0.018	-0.998	Threose	↑
1.283	0.020	-1.266	2-hydroxybutanoic acid	↑
1.148	0.021	-1.130	3-hydroxypalmitic acid	↑
1.081	0.022	-0.983	Epicatechin	↑
1.219	0.022	-1.150	L-valine	↑
1.415	0.023	-1.560	Erythronic acid	↑
2.556	0.026	-2.451	Ornithine	↑
1.935	0.028	-3.003	Diacetone alcohol	↑
1.000	0.029	-0.917	Beta-glutamic acid	↑
1.442	0.029	-1.651	Sinapinic acid	↑
1.874	0.031	-2.768	Atropine	↑
1.211	0.031	-1.903	L-asparagine	↑
1.103	0.035	-0.988	4',5-dihydroxy-7-glucosyloxyflavanone	↑
1.334	0.037	-1.861	L-glutamine	↑
2.530	0.039	-4.230	Adenosine	↑
1.070	0.039	-0.948	Pyruvic acid	↑
1.051	0.041	-0.985	Cerotinic acid	↑
1.026	0.043	-0.942	L-tyrosine	↑
1.646	0.043	-2.361	Urocanic acid	↑

Up-arrows represent upregulated metabolites, and down-arrows represent downregulated metabolites in microbiota⁺ colitis mice.