Heterogeneity of immune control in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Clinical implications on immunity with interferon-α treatment and retreatment

Table 1 Immune cells and their corresponding cytokines released

Immune cells	Released cytokines
NK cells	IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10
NKT cells	IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13
Monocytes	IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10
Macrophages	IFN-γ, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL10
γδT cells	IL-17, TNF-α
HSCs	IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β
Kupffer cells	IL-10, TGF-β, IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α
CD8+ T cells	IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21
CD4+ T cells	IFN-γ, IL-21,IL-17
Regulatory T cells	IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35
Regulatory B cells	IL-10

HSCs: Hepatic stellate cells; IL: Interleukin; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; NK: Natural killer.