Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin C deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

	All IBD patients (n = 301)
Female sex	190 (63.1%)
Age (yr)	47.6 ± 17.4
Ethnicity
Caucasian	230 (76.4%)
Hispanic	16 (5.3%)
African-American	5 (1.7%)
Asian	14 (4.7%)
Not specified	36 (12.0%)
BMI	24.8 ± 5.2
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)1	42 (14.4%)
Active smoking	6 (2.0%)
CD	201 (66.8%)
Disease location
Ileal	57 (28.4%)
Colonic	34 (16.9%)
Ileocolonic	108 (53.7%)
Upper disease	10 (5.0%)
Behavior
Non-stricturing, non-penetrating	106 (52.7%)
Stricturing	74 (36.8%)
Penetrating	47 (23.4%)
UC	100 (36.8%)
Disease location1
Proctitis	14 (14.7%)
Left-sided colitis	45 (47.4%)
Pancolitis	36 (37.9%)
Disease duration (yr)	17.0 ± 13.6
IBD related surgery	109 (36.2%)
IBD medications
Current biologic use	133 (44.2%)
Past/ever biologic use	166 (55.1%)
Clinically active disease1	134 (45.9%)
CD	96 (49.2%)
UC	38 (39.2%)
Endoscopically severe disease1	20 (17.7%)
CD	12 (15.6%)
UC	8 (22.2%)

¹Ten patients had unknown body mass index. Five ulcerative colitis (UC) patients had unknown disease location. Nine patients did not have disease activity available (6 Crohn’s disease, 3 UC). One hundred thirteen inflammatory bowel disease patients had endoscopies available.

Clinically active disease was defined as Harvey-Bradshaw index > 5 for Crohn’s disease (CD), and stool frequency or rectal bleeding > 1 on modified partial Mayo score for ulcerative colitis (UC). Endoscopically severe disease was defined as simple endoscopic score CD > 15 in CD and endoscopic Mayo score ≥ 2 in UC. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; BMI: Body mass index.