Approaches to reconstruction of inferior vena cava by ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation in 114 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of retrohepatic inferior vena cava reconstruction methods. A-C: Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) lesion invades the hepatocaval confluence; D: Retrohepatic inferior vena cava (RHIVC) is invaded by the AE lesion (yellow arrow); E: RHIVC is extensive invaded (yellow arrow); F: RHIVC completely occluded (yellow arrow), and compensation by the collateral branches (black arrow); G: Self-repairing reconstruction method, showed vascular patch repair (red arrow) and self-suture repair (yellow arrow); H: RHIVC replacement method, showed the RHIVC after replacement (red arrow); I: RHIVC resection without reconstruction method, showed IVC anastomoses with graft liver hepatic vein (yellow arrow) and adrenal vein (red arrow), the collateral circulation branches after operation (black arrow).