Duodenal-jejunal bypass increases intraduodenal bile acids and upregulates duodenal SIRT1 expression in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Figure 2 Duodenal-jejunal bypass increased serum and intraduodenal total bile acids and activated bile acids signaling in the duodenal mucosa. A: Fasting and postprandial serum total bile acids (TBAs) at 2 and 8 wk after operation; B: Intraluminal TBAs in the descending and horizontal duodenum at 8 wk after operation; C and D: Expression of key genes involved in BA signaling pathway in the mucosa of descending and horizontal duodenum; E: Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate concentration in the duodenal mucosa. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 duodenal-jejunal bypass vs sham group. DJB: Duodenal-jejunal bypass; TBAs: Total bile acids; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; SHP: Small heterodimer partner; TGR5: Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5; cAMP: Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate.