Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 21, 2022; 28(31): 4235-4248
Published online Aug 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i31.4235
Table 2 Pancreatic juice and cyst fluid biomarkers, saliva biomarkers, urine biomarkers
Pancreatic juice and cyst fluid biomarkers
Mutant genesMucinsInterleukinsMethylated DNA markers
GNASMUC4IL-1bC13orf18
KRASMUC16IL-5FER1L4
TP53MUC5ACIL-8BMP3
SMAD4
PIK3CA
PTEN
AKT1
Saliva biomarkers
Upregulated genesDownregulated genesLncRNA
MBD3L2TK2HOTAIR
KRASGLTSCR2PVT1
STIM2CDKL3
DMXL2TPT1
ACRV1DPM1
DMD
CABLES1
Urine biomarkers
Protein markersMiRNAMetabolites
REG1AmiR-143CA19.9
TFF1miR-204Proline
LYVE1miR-223Sphingomyelin (d18:2, C17:0)
miR-30ePhosphatidylcholine
Isocitrate
Sphinganine-1-phosphate
Histidine
Pyruvate
Sphingomyelin (d17:1, C18:0)