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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 21, 2022; 28(3): 290-309
Published online Jan 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i3.290
Table 5 Diagnostic tests for hepatitis E infection[144,145]
Detection
Technique
Specimen
Virus or its components (direct method)HEV nucleic acid: (1) RT-PCR; (2) Realtime RT-PCR; and (3) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. HEV RNA: (1) In situ hybridization; (2) HEV viral protein (antigen); (3) EIA; and (4) IHC.Serum, stool, bile, liver tissue
Host immune response (indirect method)Specific anti-HEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) (sensitivity 72%-98% and specificity 78%-96%): (1) Indirect EIA; (2) Immunochromatographic assays; (3) Double-antigen sandwich-based EIAs; (4) μ capture EIAs for IgM anti-HEV; (5) Specific cellular immune response; and (6) ELISpot assays.Serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells